Internal-combustion engine.



C. DE LUKACSEVICS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I3. I9I I.

1 1 73, 1 00, Patented Feb. 22, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

ATTORNEY C. DE LUKACSEVICS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13, 19!].

1,173,100. Patented Feb. 1914i.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WITNESSES: l/Vl/EN 70/? ATTORNEY CHARLES nzruxncsnvrcs, or wns'r NUTLEY, NEW JERSEY, .assren'or. roenonen.

w. MORGAN, or NEW YORK, N. Y. a

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed September 13. 19,11.

ments in explosive or internal combustion,

engines and more especially to those of the hydrocarbon type as used on automobiles and othermotor vehicles, and it has for its object to provide valve mechanism for engines of this character which is relatively simple in construction, durable, capable of operating noiselessly or substantially so, pounding incident to the use of puppet valves being avoided, the use of springs is unnecessary and, moreover, uniformity in the operation of the valves at different speeds is insured, openings of ample size for the intake and exhaust being afforded 'by the valves and the space for the accumulation of products of combustion is reduced to a minimum.

To these and other ends, the mvention conslsts 1n certain lmprovements, and combinations and arrangements of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out particularly in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the accompanying drawings :Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of an exploslve engineconstructed 1n accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 represents a section on the line AA of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section through the inlet and exhaust valves of an engine wherein the inlet valves are operated by one shaft at-one side of the engine and the exhaust valves are operated by another shaft at the opposite side of the engine; Fig. 4 represents a section on the line CC of Fig.

1; Figs. 5 and 6 are detail enlarged views" of one of the valve pistons, Fig. 5 being a section-on the line D-D of Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view of an abutment plate for the eccentric which operates the valve; Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section of a modified form of the invention wherein the inlet and exhaust valves operate on axes parallel to the axis of'the engine cylinder,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 22, 119 15.

Serial No. 649,100. v

the valves being arranged on opposite sides of such cylinder; Fig. 9 represents a trans verse section throughthe upper end ofan engine cylinder-and valve chambers showing another form of the invention wherein both valves are arranged at the same side of the cylinder; Fig. 10 represents a transverse section on the line EE of Fig. 8; Fig. 1]. I

is a detail view partly in section of the ex-,

haust valve piston as shown in Fig. 8; and

Fig; 12 is a detail view partly in section of the inlet valve piston as shown in Fig. 8.

Similar parts are designated bythe same reference characters in the several views.

Valve mechanism constructed in accordancewith the present invention is capable of use generally in connection with internal combustion or explosive engines, the invention being particularly applicable to explosive engines of the type used on automobiles and other motor vehicles, the valve mechanism being better adapted to fulfil the rigid requirements imposed upon such engines in service and the valve mechanism is capable of operating quietly and with mini mum vibration. In the accompanying drawings, I have shown different ways of applying the invention to motors or explosive engines of this type, but it will be understood that other modifications and changes may be made in the detail construction and in the relative arrangement of the 'parts in order that the invention may be crank shaft by apitman 6.

In that form of the invention as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4:, the upper portion of each cylinder casing is formed with a pair of cylindrical valve chambers 7 and 8, these valve chambers being located beyond the inner head or end of the-engine cylinder and are arranged on parallel axes which are transverse tothe axis of the engine cylinder. The valve chamber 7 is provided with a port 9 which provides communication between it and the engine cylinder, the chamber 7 being provided for the intake or inlet valve, and the valve chamber 8 which contains the exhaust valve has a. port 10 which establishes communication between it and the engine cylinder. The ports 9 and 10 are located at points intermediate the lengths of the chambers 7 and 8 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, the passage 11 leading into one end of the inlet valve chamber 7 serving to conduct the motive fluid to this valve chamber and the passage or outlet 12 leading from the exhaust valve chamber 8 serving to discharge the exhaust gases from such discharge valve chamber. The valve chamher 7 contains an inlet or intake valve 13 which is in the form of a cylindrical piston and is provided toward its opposite ends.

with sets of packing rings 14 and 15, these packing rings insuring a fluid-tight fit of the valve within its cylindrical chamber. The chamber 8 contains an exhaust valve 16 which is in the form of a cylindrical piston, it having sets of packing rings 17 and 18 toward its opposite ends which serve to insure a fluid-tight fit of this valve within its cylindrical chamber. Reciprocation of the two piston valves within their casings is effected at appropriately timed intervals and serves to cover and uncover the respective ports 9 and 10, the engine shown in the present instance being of the frur cycle type and hence the inlet valve w ll be operated first to uncover the port 9 and permit a charge of the motive or explosive mixture to be drawn into the engine cylinder during the outward stroke of the corresponding driving piston. this inlet valve will be operated to close the port 9 during the inward stroke of the driving piston, the exhaust valve 16 at this time being also in a position to close its port 10 whereby the charge will be compressed in the engine cylinder and the two valves will remain in such positions after the explosion of the charge and during the next outward stroke of the engine piston, and during the next inward stroke of the driving piston, the exhaust valve 16 will be shifted to open or uncover the port 10 and thereby permit the driving piston to discharge or exhaust the consumed gases from the engine cylinder.

The inlet and exhaust valves may be operated in different ways. In Figs. 1, 2 and 4. a single rrtating shaft19 serves to operate all of the inlet and exhaust valves of the engine at appropriately timed intervals, this shaft being journaled in suitable bearings 20 formed on or secured to the upper portion of the engine cylinder or cylinders. and this shaft is driven from the crank shaft of the engine by a two-to-cne gearing. In the present instance, the shaft 19 has a sprocket wheel 21 fixed thereto, the crank shaft of the engine has a sprocket wheel 22 fixed thereto, the sprocket wheel 22 being half the diameter of the sprocket wheel 21 and a chain 23 connects these sprocket wheels, the shaft 19 being thereby caused to rotate with the crank shaft of the engine and at half the speed thereof. For each cylinder of the engine the valve operating shaft 19 is provided with a pair of eccentrics 24 and 25 for reciprocating the inlet and-exhaust valves respectively. Each of these valves in that form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and 4 to 6 inclusive is provided at its forward end with a fork composed of parallel or opposed plates 26 and 27 having outturned or flanged ends 28 and 29. The inner end of the space between the plates 26 and 27 is formed with an abutment surface 30 and a relatively removable plate 31 is bolted or-otherwise secured to the flanged ends 28 and 29 and this removable plate is formed with a projecting abutment 32 which enters the space between the outer ends of the plates 26 and 27 and is located directly opposite to the abutment 30. The plates 26 and ,27 are also slotted longitudinally at 33. The valve operating shaft 19 extends through the slot 33 and the eccentric thereon cooperates at diametrically opposite points with the abutments 30 and 32. rota- ""tio'n of the shaft 19 causing the eccentric to reciprocate its respective valve, the eccentrics being set at appropriate angles to properly time the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves. By removing the plate 31 from each valve, the shaft 19 can be removed and then the valves can be removed for inspection or repair.

In that form of the invention as shown in Fig. 3, the cylindrical valve chambers 34 and 35 are arranged on parallel axes transverse to the axis of the engine cylinder as before but the inlet port 36 leading into the inlet valve chamber 34 is at cne side of the engine cylinder while the exhaust port 37 leading from the exhaust valve chamber 35 is arranged at the opposite side of the en gine. These chambers 34-and 35 contain the reciprocatory piston valves 38 and 39 which control the intake and exhaust ports 40am] 41 respectively as in the previous instance. In this arrangement of the valves, the latter are operated in a somewhat different way, a pair of crank shafts 42 and 43 being mounted on parallel axes and in bearings 44 and 45 at opposite sides of the engine cylinder, and the crank shaft 42 is connected to the inlet valves of the engine by the usual pitman 46-while the shaft 43 is connected to the exhaust valve or valves of the engine by the usual'pitman 47. The shafts 42 and 43 are rotated"inpredetermined relation and at the same speed by suitable gearing. these shaftsbeingprovidcd in the present instance with sprocket wheels 48 and 49 of equal diameter and are connected by a chain 50, and one of the shafts (theshaft 42in the present' instance) also carries a sprocket wheel 51 which may be connected by a chain to a sprocketwheelof half size on the crank shaft of the engine whereby theshafts 42 and 43 are rotated continuously and at half the speed of the engine shaft.

In that form of the invention shown in Figs. 8 and 10, the engine cylinder 52 has inlet and exhaust ports 53 and 54 formed at substantially diametrically opposite points,

and a pair of cylindrical valve chambers 55 and 56 are formed at opposite sides of the engine cylinder and on axes that are parallel to each other and with the axis ofthe engine cylinder. The chamber 55 which contains the inlet valve 56 extends some distance above and below the inlet port 53 of the engine cylinder, a port 57 leading into the inlet valve chamber at a point intermediate its length and directly opposite to the inlet port 53 of the engine cylinder. The inlet valve 56 is in the form of a cylindrical piston having three sets of packing rings 58, 59 and 60 which insure a fluid-tight fit of the valve within its casing. This valve is formed toward its lower end or at a point between the packing rings 59 and 60 with a circumferential groove 61 and this groove serves to control communication between the ports 53 and 57, the port 53 being in communication with the port 57 to permit a charge of the motive fluid to enter the cylinder when the groove 61 is in thesame plane with these ports. and when the groove 61 leaves the'ports 53 and 57, communication between the latter is cut off or interrupted. The inlet valve 56 is operated in the present instance by a pitman 62 which is pivotally connected to-a wrist pin carried by the valve, and the lower end of this pitman is connected to a crank 63 on a valve operating shaft 64, the latter being suitably journaled in the crank case of the engine and at one side of the engine crank shaft. chamber'56 contains a cylindrical piston valve 65 which during its reciprocatory movements covers and'uncovers at appropriate intervals the exhaust port 54. The upper end of the valve cham er 56 opens into an exhaust passage 66. The exhaust valve 65 is operated by a pitman 67, the upper end of which is connected to a wrist pin 68 carried by the valve, and the lower end of the pitman is connected by a crank 69 b rne by a second valve operating shaft 70, the latter being suitably iournaled on the en ine at the side thereof opposite to the valve operating shaft 64. and the two val e operating shafts 64 and 70 are operated in predetermined relation and at the same s eed by sprockets 71 and 72 on the respective shafts which are connected by a The valve derstood that the shaft 64 operates all the valvesof-the engine irrespective of the number of cylinders employed while the shaft 70 operates all the exhaust valves of the engine irrespective of the number of cylinders employed. To facilitateacce'ss'to the wrist pin of the exhaust valve .65, the latter may have its upper end closed 'by a plate 7 6 which is screwed into or otherwise removably attached to the valve as shown in Fig. 11. Instead of arranging the, inlet and exhaust valves at opposite sides of the respective engine cylinder as just described, it is obvious that these valves may be located at the same side of the respective engine cylinder. 'Fig. 9 shows diagrammatically such a construction wherein the chambers 77 and 78 for the inlet and exhaust valves are located side by side and at the same side of the engine cylinder 79,a port 80 providing communication between the valve chambers and the engine cylinder. 5 1 v I claim as my invention 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing forming a cylinder, a piston operative therein, the casing being provided with a pair of cylindrical valve chambers, each having a port in one side thereof which communicates with the cornbustion chamber of the cylinder and having.

valve chambers and movable transversely across the ports in the sides thereof.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a casing forming a cylinder, a piston operative therein, the casing being provided with a pair of cylindrical valvechambers. each,hav ing'a port in one side thereof which communicates with the combustion chamber of the cylinder and having intake and exhaust passages leading'to' and from the respective valve chambers, the exhaust passage leading axially from one end of its respective valve chamber,'and separate and solid intake and exhaust piston valves independently reciprocable in the respective valve chambers and controlling the ports in thesides thereof. I

,3; In an internal combustion engine, the com ination of a casing forming a cylinder, a piston operative therein. the head of the cylinder casing having a pair of cylindrical valve chambers arranged with their axes parallel and each having a port in one side thereof which communicates with the combustion chamber ofthe cylinder, the cylinder casing having an intake passage leading to one end of one of said valve chambers and having an exhaust passage leading from one end of the other valve chamber, and separate and solid intake and exhaust piston valves independently reciproc'able in therespective valve chambers and having their ends controlling the respective ports in the sides of 10 their valve chambers.

In testimony whereof I have hereimto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- 

